This list is supposed to mirror the [100-item list by Swadesh (1955)] completely. It was used to test to which degree it is possible to calculate the factor of chance in language comparison. The list is, however, not completely identical with the original, since the compiler adds closer annotations to the semantic glosses, which at times also diverge from the original 100-item list. Thus «burn» is labelled as transitive in Swadesh's original list, but labelled as intransitive by Ringe.